2025年欧洲肿瘤内科学会年会肝胆肿瘤研究热点与前沿动态

Highlights and emerging advances in hepatobiliary cancer research at the ESMO congress 2025

摘要:

2025年10月17—21日，欧洲肿瘤内科学会（ESMO）年会在德国柏林召开。大会公布了多项肝胆恶性肿瘤领域的重要研究成果，涵盖免疫治疗、靶向治疗、围手术期策略、转化治疗及生物标志物等关键方向。在肝细胞癌领域，免疫联合抗血管生成治疗仍为一线标准，双免疫及多药联合方案不断探索，但部分三联策略未能带来额外生存获益；转化治疗及围手术期综合治疗显示出改善预后的潜力。胆道肿瘤方面，新辅助治疗和转化治疗取得突破，精准靶向治疗在耐药后及罕见突变人群中展现出应用前景。与此同时，生物标志物在风险分层及疗效预测中的作用逐渐凸显。本文系统梳理本次大会肝胆肿瘤领域的代表性研究，分析其临床价值与局限，并探讨未来研究方向，以期为临床决策提供参考。

Abstract:

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2025, held in Berlin from October 17 to 21, presented a series of pivotal advances in hepatobiliary malignancies, covering immunotherapy, targeted therapy, perioperative strategies, conversion therapy, and biomarker development. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immune-based combination therapies remain the standard first-line treatment, while dual immunotherapy and triplet regimens are under active investigation; however, some intensified combinations failed to demonstrate additional survival benefits. Conversion therapy and perioperative strategies have shown promising potential in improving patient outcomes. In biliary tract cancers (BTC), breakthroughs have been achieved in neoadjuvant and conversion therapies, and precision-targeted treatments are emerging, particularly in refractory settings and rare molecular subtypes. Meanwhile, biomarkers are increasingly important for risk stratification and treatment response prediction. This review summarizes the key studies presented at the congress, highlights their clinical implications and limitations, and discusses future research directions to inform clinical decision-making.