胆管癌靶向免疫治疗的研究进展

Research progress on targeted therapy and immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma

摘要:

胆管癌（CCA）是一种起源于胆管上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤，近年来在亚洲地区的发病率与病死率呈增长趋势。由于CCA早期症状隐匿且不典型，患者确诊时多为晚期，丧失手术根治的机会。虽然临床上目前一线治疗以化疗为主，但其效果并不理想。随着当下二代测序技术迅速发展以及“个体化”精准治疗理念逐渐普及，人们对于CCA的分子生物学见解愈来愈深刻，在分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗以及靶免联合治疗的研究也愈来愈深入。本文针对CCA的分子靶点、免疫微环境、免疫检查抑制点及其治疗手段等方面做一概述。

Abstract:

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, with its incidence and mortality rates rising in recent years, particularly in Asia. Because the early symptoms of CCA are often insidious and nonspecific, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and lose the opportunity for radical surgical treatment. Although chemotherapy remains the main first-line therapy, its efficacy is limited. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technologies and the growing emphasis on individualized precision medicine, our understanding of the molecular biology of CCA has deepened substantially. Research on molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination strategies integrating both approaches has made remarkable progress. This article provides an overview of the molecular targets, immune microenvironment, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and therapeutic strategies related to CCA.