肝细胞癌的新辅助治疗：现状与展望

The neoadjuvant therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospects

摘要:

肝细胞癌（HCC）在我国及全球均高发，初诊可行根治性切除者不足20%，且术后5年复发率高达70%。围手术期治疗是降低复发的重要策略，但HCC的新辅助治疗循证证据有限。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）为代表的免疫治疗在HCC治疗中取得进展，其在新辅助治疗中的潜力引起广泛关注。新辅助免疫治疗可利用原发肿瘤作为抗原库激发持续的抗肿瘤免疫，并结合靶向及局部治疗有望协同增效。现有早期研究提示其安全性与初步疗效，但适应人群选择、最佳联合模式及疗效预测指标仍待明确。未来需开展高质量随机对照试验，以验证其对长期生存的价值并优化治疗策略。

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains highly prevalent in China and worldwide, with less than 20% of newly diagnosed patients eligible for radical resection and a postoperative 5-year recurrence rate as high as 70%. Perioperative therapy is a key strategy to reduce recurrence, yet evidence for neoadjuvant therapy in HCC is still limited. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant progress in HCC treatment, and their potential in the neoadjuvant setting has attracted growing attention. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy can utilize the primary tumor as an antigen reservoir to induce sustained antitumor immunity, and its combination with targeted agents or local therapies may yield synergistic effects. Early studies have demonstrated acceptable safety and preliminary efficacy; however, optimal patient selection, ideal combination strategies, and reliable predictive biomarkers remain to be established. High-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to verify its impact on long-term survival and to optimize treatment approaches.