5G赋能远程机器人手术在普通外科的应用现状、挑战与未来趋势

Current status, challenges, and future trends of 5G-enabled remote robotic surgery in general surgery

摘要:

5G通信技术的突破，使远程机器人手术从概念探索迈入临床应用阶段，为普通外科复杂手术提供了新的解决范式。其通过低时延、高可靠网络支撑，实现了跨区域、跨距离的实时主从控制，显著提升了手术的精细化与空间自由度。在胃肠、肝胆胰及甲状腺等多领域，远程手术已完成从单病例验证到多中心应用的过渡，手术表现出低出血量、低并发症发生率和快速康复等优势，国产手术机器人系统的可靠性也得到初步验证。然而，远程手术仍受到网络稳定性、设备冗余、法律伦理规范及支付体系缺乏等多因素制约。未来，随着AI决策、数字孪生和6G通信的深度融合，远程机器人手术将在智能化、自主化及跨洲际协作方面实现突破，并重塑急救医疗模式与分级诊疗体系。总体而言，远程机器人手术将推动普通外科迈向精准化、智能化和可及化的新阶段。

Abstract:

Advances in 5G networks have enabled remote robotic surgery to transition from technical exploration to clinical implementation, providing a new paradigm for complex general surgical procedures. Supported by low-latency and high-reliability data transmission, telesurgical systems achieve real-time master-slave control across long distances, significantly improving surgical precision and operational flexibility. Applications in gastrointestinal, hepatopancreatobiliary, and thyroid surgery have progressed from single-case demonstrations to multi-center practice, consistently demonstrating low intraoperative blood loss, reduced complication rates, and enhanced postoperative recovery. Domestic robotic platforms have also shown reliable performance in early clinical evaluations. Despite these achievements, telesurgery still faces challenges related to network stability, system redundancy, regulatory and ethical clarity, and the absence of a mature reimbursement framework. Looking ahead, the integration of AI-assisted decision-making, digital twins, and emerging 6G technologies will further drive telesurgery toward intelligent automation, intercontinental collaboration, and innovative emergency-care models. Overall, remote robotic surgery is expected to promote a new era of precision, intelligence, and equitable access in general surgery.