患者报告结局在普通外科围手术期研究与实践中的应用

Application of patient-reported outcomes in perioperative research and practice in general surgery

摘要:

围手术期康复的核心目标是缓解症状、恢复功能和提升生活质量。然而，这些目标多涉及患者主观感受，传统以客观指标为主的疗效评估方式存在局限。近年来，患者报告结局（PRO）作为量化患者自评健康状况的重要工具，已广泛应用于药物和器械的临床研究，并在普通外科领域逐步展开。本文梳理了PRO在术后症状描述、手术方式比较、并发症预警和患者管理等方面的实践路径，结合国内外研究案例，探讨其在构建新型外科评价体系中的价值与挑战。随着电子化PRO技术与人工智能的应用深化，未来需推进专科化、本土化量表研发，完善与临床结局关联的分析框架，助力外科治疗从“治病”向“治病人”的转型。

Abstract:

Perioperative rehabilitation aims to alleviate symptoms, restore function, and improve quality of life. These goals largely involve subjective patient experiences, which are not fully captured by traditional outcome measures. In recent years, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have emerged as essential tools to quantify patients' perceptions of health and have been widely used in drug and device clinical trials. This review summarizes the current applications of PROs in general surgery, including symptom description, comparison of surgical methods, complication warning, and patient management. Practical cases and evidence from domestic and international studies are discussed. With the integration of electronic PROs (ePROs), artificial intelligence, and natural language processing, future efforts should focus on developing localized, specialty-specific tools and establishing stronger correlations between PROs and clinical outcomes to support the transition from disease-centered to patient-centered surgical care.