减重代谢手术后营养并发症防治策略的研究进展

Advances in the prevention and management of nutritional complications after bariatric metabolic surgery

摘要:

肥胖及其相关代谢性疾病已成为全球性公共卫生问题。减重代谢手术是目前治疗病态肥胖及其并发症最有效的手段之一，其短期与中长期疗效已得到广泛证实。然而，受术后食物摄入显著减少、胃肠道解剖结构及营养吸收模式改变，以及随访和营养管理不规范等因素影响，患者术后常出现贫血、骨质疏松等营养相关并发症，进而影响生活质量和远期预后。本文基于国内外最新指南和循证医学证据，系统综述减重代谢手术后常见营养相关并发症的发生机制及防治策略，旨在为优化术后营养管理、完善随访体系、降低并发症发生风险提供参考。

Abstract:

Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases have become global public health challenges. Bariatric metabolic surgery is currently one of the most effective treatments for morbid obesity and its associated complications, with well-established short- and long-term clinical benefits. However, due to a marked reduction in food intake, alterations in gastrointestinal anatomy and nutrient absorption patterns, as well as inadequate postoperative follow-up and nutritional management, patients frequently develop nutrition-related complications such as anemia and osteoporosis, which may adversely affect quality of life and long-term prognosis. Based on the latest international and domestic clinical guidelines and evidence-based research, this review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and prevention strategies of common nutritional complications after bariatric metabolic surgery, aiming to provide references for optimizing postoperative nutritional management, improving follow-up systems, and reducing the risk of nutrition-related complications.