减重代谢手术对人体成分影响的研究现状与展望

Body composition changes following bariatric-metabolic surgery: present understanding and prospective developments

摘要:

目前肥胖已成为全球公共卫生危机，因其与代谢综合征、心血管疾病、2型糖尿病及多种癌症的关联性而备受关注。减重代谢手术作为长期有效的体质量管理手段，可显著减少内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪，改善代谢健康，但也必须清醒认识到术后肌肉质量和骨密度的下降，引起一系列相关问题，对患者的身体健康和生活质量产生不良影响。基于这一复杂的临床现状，对术后身体成分变化的研究显得尤为重要，笔者系统总结了减重代谢手术后身体成分不同阶段的变化特征，深入剖析了身体成分丢失的临床意义，并对未来该领域的发展方向进行了前瞻性展望，旨在为临床制定更为科学、合理的术后管理策略。

Abstract:

Obesity has become a global public health crisis, attracting significant attention due to its association with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers. Bariatric-metabolic surgery, as a long-term effective method for weight management, can significantly reduce visceral and subcutaneous fat, improving metabolic health. However, it is also crucial to recognize the postoperative decline in muscle mass and bone density, which can lead to a series of related issues, adversely affecting patients' physical health and quality of life. Given this complex clinical reality, research on postoperative body composition changes becomes particularly important. Here, the authors systematically summarize the characteristics of body composition changes at different stages after bariatric-metabolic surgery, delves into the clinical significance of body composition loss, and provides a forward-looking perspective on the future development of this field, aiming to develop more scientific and reasonable postoperative management strategies for clinical practice.