基于血液代谢组学的肝癌新型诊断及预后标志物研究进展

Advances in blood metabolomics for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer

摘要:

肝癌具有高度异质性及复杂性，因其早期诊断困难和预后较差，对患者健康和医疗系统带来了重大挑战。血液代谢组学作为一项新兴的系统生物学技术，通过对血液中小分子代谢物的全面分析，能够揭示肿瘤的代谢特征，为肝癌的早期诊断和预后评估提供了新思路。近年来，代谢组学技术在探索肝癌（包括肝细胞癌、肝内胆管癌及转移性肝癌）特异性血液代谢标志物方面取得了重要进展，为更精确的个体化诊疗奠定了基础。然而，现有研究尚存在样本规模有限、标志物验证不足及技术规范化等问题，亟需通过大规模、多中心的研究及多组学整合分析进一步优化和验证血液代谢组学的应用价值。本文综述了肝癌血液代谢组学的研究现状，重点讨论其在早期诊断、预后预测中的潜力和面临的挑战，旨在为肝癌精准诊疗提供参考。

Abstract:

Liver cancers are characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity, posing significant challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis, which burden patients and healthcare systems. Blood metabolomics, an emerging system biology technology, analyzes small molecular metabolites in the blood to reveal metabolic features of tumors, offering novel insights for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of liver cancers. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in identifying specific blood metabolic biomarkers for liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic liver cancer, laying the foundation for more precise personalized treatments. However, current studies face limitations such as small sample sizes, insufficient biomarker validation, and the need for standardization. Large-scale, multi-center studies and integrated multi-omics analyses are urgently required to optimize and validate the application of blood metabolomics. This review summarizes the current state of research on blood metabolomics in liver cancers, focusing on its potential and challenges in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, aiming to provide insights into precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancers.