肠道菌群与结直肠肿瘤关系的研究进展
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杨熊飞, Email: XiongfeiYang2016@163.com

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甘肃省科学技术厅青年科技基金资助项目(17JR5RA031);甘肃省兰州市科技发展指导性计划资助项目(2019-ZD-103)。


Research progress in relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer
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    摘要:

    肠道是人体消化吸收的重要场所,也是最大的免疫器官,在维持机体正常免疫防御等功能上发挥着重要作用。肠道微生物的生存繁殖依赖于肠道内特殊的微生态环境,同时它们也能完成多种人体自身不具备的代谢功能。肠道微生物在人类疾病的发生发展等方面影响巨大,其中肠道内细菌所占数量最多,其数量超过100万亿,在人体内直接或间地参与免疫调节、物质代谢和消化吸收等过程,在肠黏膜的保护、肠道稳态和机体正常功能的维持以及疾病的抵抗等方面具有重要作用。定植在肠道中的各菌群之间关系密切,相对独立又相互联系,其种群和数量保持动态平衡。手术、放疗、化疗以及禁食、机械性肠道准备或使用抗生素等处理均可改变其构成与功能,从而影响肠道菌群间的动态平衡,甚至引起菌群失调。研究发现肠道菌群失调可通过免疫调节与炎症反应、基因毒性反应、代谢产物等直接或间接影响结直肠肿瘤的发生发展。近年来,肠道菌群在结直肠肿瘤的无创非侵入性诊断、放化疗以及免疫治疗中的作用也被逐渐证实。此外,通过饮食调节、粪菌疗法等方式摄入益生菌和益生元等微生物制品,也为预防和治疗结直肠肿瘤及其相关并发症提供了新的思路。全面了解肠道菌群与结直肠肿瘤的关系能够为结直肠肿瘤的生物预防与治疗提供理论依据。基于以上背景,笔者回顾近年来相关文献,就肠道菌群与结直肠肿瘤关系作一综述。

    Abstract:

    The intestinal tract is not only an important place for digestion and absorption of the human body, but also the largest immune organ, which plays an important role in maintaining normal immune defense and other functions of the body. The survival and reproduction of intestinal microorganisms depends on the special micro-ecological environment in the intestinal tract, and they can also complete a variety of metabolic functions that the human body does not possess. Intestinal microorganisms have a great influence on the occurrence and development of human diseases, in which the bacteria in the intestinal tract constitutes the largest proportion with a number more than 100 trillion, directly or indirectly participates in the processes of immune regulation, substance metabolism, digestion and absorption in the human body, and plays an important role in the protection of intestinal mucosa, the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the normal function of the body, as well as disease resistance. The microflora colonized in the intestinal tract are closely related, are always relatively independent but interrelated, and their populations and numbers maintain a dynamic balance. Treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and fasting, mechanical intestinal preparation or the use of antibiotics can change its composition and function, thus affecting the dynamic balance of gut microbiota, and even lead to flora imbalance. Studies have found that gut microbiota imbalance can directly or indirectly affect the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer through immunomodulatory and inflammatory reactions, genotoxic reactions, metabolites and so on. In recent years, the role of gut microbiota in non-invasive diagnosis, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer has been gradually confirmed. In addition, the intake of probiotics and other microbial products through diet regulation and fecal therapy also provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer and the related complications. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer can provide a theoretical basis for the biological prevention and treatment of colorectal tumors. Based on the above background, the authors address the relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal neoplasm through reviewing the relevant literature in recent years.

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王赫, 史新龙, 李晶晶, 朱成章, 路继永, 王帅, 王涛, 杜斌斌, 张维胜, 杨熊飞.肠道菌群与结直肠肿瘤关系的研究进展[J].中国普通外科杂志,2020,29(10):1261-1269.
DOI:10.7659/j. issn.1005-6947.2020.10.013

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-20
  • 最后修改日期:2020-09-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-10-25