Abstract:Over the past two decades, the field of thyroid oncology in China has undergone rapid development. Through improvements in standardization processes, continuous innovations in treatment methods, and in-depth basic research, the 5-year survival rate of thyroid cancer has significantly increased from 67.5% to 92.9%. In diagnostics, advancements in color Doppler ultrasound technology, the establishment of the TI-RADS classification system, and innovations in fine-needle aspiration biopsy methods, particularly the integration of molecular diagnostics, have greatly improved the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. In terms of treatment, there has been a gradual shift from traditional surgery to individualized precision therapy. Combined with radioactive iodine therapy, endocrine regulation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, a multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment system has been formed, providing patients with more precise and effective treatment options. Significant progress has also been made in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer, with the application of targeted drugs bringing new hope to patients. In research, Chinese scholars have greatly increased their publications in the field of thyroid cancer, with high-quality studies emerging continuously, reflecting China's rapid rise in this area. Meanwhile, the establishment of academic organizations and the promotion of professional guidelines have substantially enhanced the diagnostic and treatment capabilities of primary care physicians. Looking ahead, efforts will continue to focus on the development of next-generation targeted drugs, the application of artificial intelligence and intelligent decision-making systems in diagnosis and treatment, the construction of prognosis prediction models based on big data, and the popularization of 5G-enabled remote medical care. These advances will drive the development of thyroid oncology toward more precise, minimally invasive, and personalized directions, creating new brilliance once again.