Advances in the prevention and management of nutritional complications after bariatric metabolic surgery

Abstract:

Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases have become global public health challenges. Bariatric metabolic surgery is currently one of the most effective treatments for morbid obesity and its associated complications, with well-established short- and long-term clinical benefits. However, due to a marked reduction in food intake, alterations in gastrointestinal anatomy and nutrient absorption patterns, as well as inadequate postoperative follow-up and nutritional management, patients frequently develop nutrition-related complications such as anemia and osteoporosis, which may adversely affect quality of life and long-term prognosis. Based on the latest international and domestic clinical guidelines and evidence-based research, this review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and prevention strategies of common nutritional complications after bariatric metabolic surgery, aiming to provide references for optimizing postoperative nutritional management, improving follow-up systems, and reducing the risk of nutrition-related complications.