Abstract:Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of comprehensive treatment for breast cancer, and the administration of adequate doses on schedule is crucial for improving patient outcomes. However, chemotherapy-related adverse effects, particularly chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), can substantially impair quality of life and compromise treatment adherence, while effective preventive or therapeutic strategies remain limited. Growing evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency may represent an important risk factor for the development of CIPN in breast cancer patients. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that vitamin D may exert neuroprotective effects by promoting myelination, facilitating axonal regeneration, modulating inflammatory responses, and alleviating oxidative stress, thereby potentially reducing the incidence and severity of CIPN. This review summarizes current advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms of CIPN and the association between vitamin D deficiency and CIPN in breast cancer, and discusses the potential clinical implications of vitamin D supplementation, aiming to provide new insights into the prevention and management of CIPN.